Comunicación efectiva en equipos de salud: el liderazgo como puente

José Clímaco Cañarte Vélez, Yobana Ximena Dueñas Rivas, Allan Matias Quimis Tigua, Ángel Samec Quichimbo Benites

Resumen


El presente estudio tuvo como finalidad abordar la comunicación efectiva en los equipos de salud como un aspecto crítico para la calidad en la atención, con especial énfasis en la figura del liderazgo como impulsor de la interacción entre los profesionales. Partiendo de ello, su objetivo general fue analizar cómo el liderazgo condiciona la calidad de la comunicación entre los miembros del equipo de salud, a partir de identificar las barreras y las estrategias efectivas actualizadas en la literatura científica. Para lograrlo, se desarrolló una metodología documental narrativa-descriptiva y explicativa, a través del análisis de 47 artículos seleccionados de bases de datos representativas como SciELO, PubMed y Elsevier; para tal efecto, se establecieron criterios de inclusión de referencias publicadas en los últimos seis años. Un primer resultado hallado decantó en que el liderazgo efectivo contribuye actualmente a mejorar la cohesión, la toma de decisiones, la escucha y la reducción del conflicto, mientras que las principales barreras estriban en la jerarquía que determina el respeto, el estrés, la sobrecarga y la falta de canales. Una segunda línea de resultados traslució distintas estrategias de éxito, tales como la mentorización, las reuniones, el modelo SBAR y el liderazgo transformacional y situacional. Las conclusiones, por su parte, recalcaron que el liderazgo efectivo condiciona el éxito de la comunicación, siempre y cuando esté acompañado de medidas de control, especialmente abordar problemáticas estructurales y culturales. La implementación de estrategias promovedoras de ambientes colaborativos seguros, en definitiva, mejora la seguridad del paciente y la calidad de atención.


Palabras clave


comunicación interprofesional; equipo; lideres; paciente.

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Referencias


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.23857/pc.v10i8.10321

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