Manejo del dolor en los pacientes postoperados de colecistectomía laparoscópica y la colocación de bloqueo del plano transverso del abdomen

Jonathan Miguel Carpio Bravo, Kelly Nicole Cruz Córdova, Sonia Gabriela Cevallos Ávila, Giovanny José Pérez Godoy

Resumen


La colecistectomía se indica para el tratamiento de litiasis biliar y otras patologías vesiculares causantes de dolor, inflamación o infección. La técnica laparoscópica, caracterizada por su mínima invasividad, implica realizar pequeñas incisiones abdominales que facilitan la visualización y extracción precisa de la vesícula biliar. La analgesia efectiva es parte esencial en el manejo postoperatorio. Existe la necesidad de brindar técnicas de anestesia regional para minimizar el uso de opioides, y proveer una alternativa a los bloqueos regionales. Existen 2 técnicas para el bloqueo del plano transverso abdominal: la guiada por ultrasonido (BUPTA) y la laparoscópica (BLPTA), sin que actualmente se demuestre de una forma clara la superioridad de alguna de estas en la colecistectomía laparoscópica. El BLPTA y el BUPTA son un procedimiento efectivo para la analgesia posquirúrgica en pacientes sometidos a colecistectomía laparoscópica en comparación con la analgesia intravenosa.


Palabras clave


colecistectomía; litiasis biliar; vesícula biliar; bloqueo plano abdominal transverso; técnica laparoscópica.

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Referencias


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.23857/pc.v9i3.6914

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